Perkembangan Komik Indonesia

Komik Indonesia zaman dulu

 Cara bercerita dengan menggunakan gambar sudah dikenal di Indonesia sejak zaman kerajaan-kerajaan di kepulauan nusantara. Salah satu contoh cara bercerita menggunakan gambar ini pada masa purbakala adalah relief-relief yang terdapat pada candi-candi yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia.

 Komik Indonesia lahir pada 1931 ketika harian Sin Po memuat komik humor yang menceritakan tentang seorang tokoh gendut Put On, karya Kho Wang Gie. Kemudian disusul dengan mingguan Star Magazine yang memuat Si Tolol, dan Star Weekly dengan Oh Koen. Komik Indonesia pada awal kelahirannya dapat di bagi menjadi dua kategori besar, yaitu komik strip dan buku komik. Di awal tahun 1950-an, salah satu pionir komik bernama Abdulsalam menerbitkan komik strip heroiknya di harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, Yogyakarta, salah satunya berjudul “Kisah Pendudukan Jogja”, bercerita tentang agresi militer Belanda ke atas kota Yogyakarta. Komik ini kemudian dibukukan oleh harian “Pikiran Rakyat” dari Bandung. Sebagian pengamat komik berpendapat bahwa inilah buku komik pertama-tama oleh artis komik Indonesia.

Hingga pada tahun 1954, banyak komikus Indonesia yang menjiplak dan melakukan imitasi terhadap cerita-cerita serta superhero dari komik-komik barat. Selain itu juga banyak dibuat komik-komik yang menceritakan kisah-kisah perjuangan kemerdekaan hingga kepada dongeng dan legenda. Hingga pertengahan tahun 1971, judul komik Indonesia yang terbit dan beredar berada di atas angka 800.

Periode 1970-an muncul banyak komik fantasi Indonesia, yang merupakan pengaruh masuknya komik superhero Amerika terbitan Marvel Comics, DC Comics, dan lainnya. Bahkan beberapa komikus banyak beralih membuat komik fantasi seperti Kus Bram. Selain itu juga muncul genre silat dengan fantasi dan mistik. Sayangnya perkembangan komik Indonesia yang pernah mengalami masa keemasan tersebut mulai surut sekitar tahun 1970, disusul dengan masuknya komik-komik lisensi yang diterbitkan di Indonesia, seperti misalnya Tintin, Lucky Luke, Richie Rich, Casper, Smurf dan lain-lain. Sekitar tahun 1990 mulai masuk komik-komik dari Jepang (Candy- candy, Doraemon, Kung Fu Boy) dan Hong Kong (Tiger Wong, Tapak Sakti).

Gerakan komik lokal 90-an. Setelah kemandegan komik lokal hingga awal 90-an, generasi baru mulai muncul. Generasi baru 90-an sebagian besar adalah para mahasiswa perguruan tinggi di kota-kota besar terpusat di Jakarta, Bandung, Yogya pelan-pelan mulai membangun frame gerakan komik masing-masing. Komikus-komikus muda cenderung menerima pengaruh dari style komik Jepang dan Amerika. Meski tidak semua mengadopsi gaya tersebut, tapi pilihan terhadap gaya Jepang atau Amerika nampak pada komikus atau studio komik yang lebih berorientasi pada kondisi pasar sekarang.

Ada dua aliran utama yang mendominasi komik modern Indonesia, yaitu Amerika (lebih dikenal dengan comics) dan Jepang (dengan stereotype manga).

Salah satu komik yang diterbitkan KOLONI

Belakangan, Komik Indonesia yang banyak diterbitkan oleh KOLONI, salah satu lini penerbitan komik milik m&c Gramedia Grup, lebih banyak menampilkan komik Indonesia dengan gaya gambar "manga". Beberapa komikus sepakat, Komik Indonesia adalah komik yang dibuat (cerita dan/atau gambarnya), diproduksi, disebarluaskan, oleh komikus & orang-orang Indonesia. dan DI INDONESIA.

Beberapa nama komikus Indonesia yang sedang naik daun sekarang contohnya Is Yuniarto, Mazjojo, Galang Tirtakusuma, Aloysius Alfa, Anca Sulaiman, dll. Dan beberapa studio komik yaitu LESEHAN, KOMIKERS, dll.

Satu hal yang sangat ironis, sekarang banyak komikus muda sibuk dituntut untuk membuat “komik Indonesia”, padahal sebagian besar dari mereka hanya sempat membaca 1 atau 2 buah karya “leluhurnya”. Karena itulah banyak komikus muda yang sulit menemukan gambaran yang sempurna tentang komik Indonesia yang ideal. Padahal kalau dicermati, komik Indonesia masa lalu mengungkap fakta bahwa sejak dahulu para komikus senior tidak pernah memusingkan tentang bagaimanakah “komik Indonesia” yang sebenarnya. Terbukti bahwa mereka juga terpengaruh oleh komik-komik asing pada masa itu. Yang jelas, mereka membuat karyanya dengan sepenuh hati dan jujur, terlihat dari alur cerita yang menarik, karakter yang kuat, serta teknik berkomik yang luar biasa. Maju terus KOMIK INDONESIA! :)

Borobudur's Reliefs

At every level of Borobudur, carved reliefs on temple walls. These reliefs read according to the clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning is east.

These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs Jataka stories (a collection of stories about the lives of the Buddha when he was an animal form, before he became Siddharta Gautama) 

The walls of the first gallery have two superimposed series of reliefs; each consists of 120 panels. The upper part depicts the biography of the Buddha, while the lower part of the wall and also balustrades in the first and the second galleries tell the story of the Buddha's former lives. The remaining panels are devoted to Sudhana's further wandering about his search, terminated by his attainment of the Perfect Wisdom.

The law of karma (Karmavibhangga)

 The 160 hidden panels do not form a continuous story, but each panel provides one complete illustration of cause and effect. There are depictions of blameworthy activities, from gossip to murder, with their corresponding punishments. There are also praiseworthy activities, that include charity and pilgrimage to sanctuaries, and their subsequent rewards. The pains of hell and the pleasure of heaven are also illustrated. There are scenes of daily life, complete with the full panorama of samsara (the endless cycle of birth and death).

The story of Prince Siddhartha and the birth of Buddha (Lalitavistara)

The story starts with the descent of the Lord Buddha from the Tushita heaven, and ends with his first sermon in the Deer Park near Benares. The relief shows the birth of the Buddha as Prince Siddhartha, son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya of Kapilavastu (in present-day Nepal).
The story is preceded by 27 panels showing various preparations, in heavens and on earth, to welcome the final incarnation of the Bodhisattva. Before descending from Tushita heaven, the Bodhisattva entrusted his crown to his successor, the future Buddha Maitreya. He descended on earth in the shape of white elephants with six tusks, penetrated to Queen Maya's right womb. Queen Maya had a dream of this event, which was interpreted that his son would become either a sovereign or a Buddha.
While Queen Maya felt that it was the time to give birth, she went to the Lumbini park outside the Kapilavastu city. She stood under a plaksa tree, holding one branch with her right hand and she gave birth to a son, Prince Siddhartha. The story on the panels continues until the prince becomes the Buddha.

The stories of Buddha's previous life (Jataka) and other legendary persons (Avadana)

Jatakas are stories about the Buddha before he was born as Prince Siddhartha. It is the stories that tell about the previous lives of the Buddha, in both human and animal form. The future Buddha may appear in them as a king, an outcast, a god, an elephant—but, in whatever form, he exhibits some virtue that the tale thereby inculcates. Avadanas are similar to jatakas, but the main figure is not the Bodhisattva himself. The saintly deeds in avadanas are attributed to other legendary persons. Jatakas and avadanas are treated in one and the same series in the reliefs of Borobudur.
The first 20 lower panels in the first gallery on the wall depict the Sudhanakumaravadana or the saintly deeds of Sudhana. The first 135 upper panels in the same gallery on the balustrades are devoted to the 34 legends of the Jatakamala^. The remaining 237 panels depict stories from other sources, as do for the lower series and panels in the second gallery. Some jatakas stories are depicted twice, for example the story of King Sibhi (Rama's forefather).

Sudhana's search for the Ultimate Truth (Gandavyuha)

Gandavyuha is the story told in the final chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra about Sudhana's tireless wandering in search of the Highest Perfect Wisdom. It covers two galleries (third and fourth) and also half of the second gallery; comprising in total of 460 panels. The principal figure of the story, the youth Sudhana, son of an extremely rich merchant, appears on the 16th panel. The preceding 15 panels form a prologue to the story of the miracles during Buddha's samadhi in the Garden of Jeta at Sravasti.


During his search, Sudhana visited no less than 30 teachers but none of them had satisfied him completely. He was then instructed by Manjusri to meet the monk Megasri, where he was given the first doctrine. As his journey continues, Sudhana meets (in the following order) Supratisthita, the physician Megha (Spirit of Knowledge), the banker Muktaka, the monk Saradhvaja, the upasika Asa (Spirit of Supreme Enlightenment), Bhismottaranirghosa, the Brahmin Jayosmayatna, Princess Maitrayani, the monk Sudarsana, a boy called Indriyesvara, the upasika Prabhuta, the banker Ratnachuda, King Anala, the god Siva Mahadeva, Queen Maya, Bodhisattva Maitreya and then back to Manjusri. Each meeting has given Sudhana a specific doctrine, knowledge and wisdom. These meetings are shown in the third gallery.

After the last meeting with Manjusri, Sudhana went to the residence of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra; depicted in the fourth gallery. The entire series of the fourth gallery is devoted to the teaching of Samantabhadra. The narrative panels finally end with Sudhana's achievement of the Supreme Knowledge and the Ultimate Truth.

Biology Task Classification

Borneo's Orang utan

Kindom                  : Animalia

Filum                     : Chordata

Kelas                     : Mamalia

Ordo                      : Primata

Famili                    : Hominidae

Upafamili             : Ponginae

Genus                   : Pongo

Spesies                 : Pongo pygmaeus

Characteristics:
• Has a fat body and big, big necked, long arms and strong, short legs and bowed, and did not have a tail.
• Orangutans have a high of about 1.25-1.5 m
• Orangutans's body covered brownish red hair. They have large heads with mouths that high  position.
• Weight orangutan males around 50-90 kg, while the female orangutans weigh about 30-50 kg.
• The palm of the hand they have four long fingers plus a thumb. Soles of their feet also has an arrangement fingers very similar to humans.

Papaya

Kingdom               : Plantae

Divisi                    : Tracheophyta

Sud Divisi             : Spermatophyta

Kelas                     : Dicotyledonae

Ordo                     : Caricales

Familia                  : Caricaceae

Genus                   : Carica

Spesies                  : Carica papaya

Characteristics:
• papaya trees generally unbranched or slightly branched, growing to 5-10 m tall with leaves that form a spiral similar to the upper trunk.
• Leaves pinnate five with long stalks and hollow in the middle.
• Shape of a round to elongate, with tip is usually pointed.
• The color of dark green fruits when young, and after cooking light green to yellow.
• Meat karpela fruit comes from a thickened, yellow to red, depending on varieties.
• The center of the hollow fruit. Black beans or black and wrapped in a kind of slimy layer (pulp) to prevent it from drying.

 

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupa.

Borobudur temple built in the eighth century by the Cailendra dynasty, is believed to have been derived from the Sanskrit words "Vihara Buddha Uhr" the Buddhist Monastery on the hill. Borobudur is a terraced temple surmounted by stupas, or stone towers; the terraces resemble Indonesian burial foundations, indicating that Borobudur was regarded as the symbol of the final resting place of its founder, a Syailendra, who was united after his death with the Buddha.

The inscription of 856 mentions a royal funeral ceremony and shows that the dead king had joined Shiva, just as the founder of the Borobudur monument had joined the Buddha. Divine attributes, however, had been ascribed to kings during their lifetimes. A Mahayana inscription of this period shows that a ruler was said to have the purifying powers of a bodhisattva, the status assumed by the ruler of Shrivijaya in the 7th century; a 9th-century Shaivite inscription from the Kedu Plain describes a ruler as being "a portion of Shiva."

The Borobudur was in danger of collapsing as its stone statues and stone cancer, moss and lichen affected bas-reliefs. But, the monument has been completely restored and was officially opened by the President on 23rd February 1983. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The restoration took eight years to complete. Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage; once a year Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate Vesak (an annual holiday observed traditionally by Buddhists in the Indian subcontinent) at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist attraction.

The Independence Day of Indonesia

The picture beside is my work for drawing event in Facebook and theme is "Indonesia". The event is for celebrated Indonesia Independence Day in August. 

Do you know the Indonesia Independence Day? The Independence Day of Indonesia was officially proclaimed on 17th August, 1945 at 10.00 a.m. sharp on Friday. The Indonesian Independence Day is a very big event for the people of Indonesia. Preparations for this patriotic day start weeks ahead before the 17th of August. All high-rise office buildings around town are decorated with large banners and lighted designs. Fences around the presidential palace and many government offices are draped in red and white streamers. The malls are all decorated in red and white and hold Independence Day sales for the people. Lots of money is spend by the city administration to create a unique series of red and white lighted decorations.